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Refired Not Retired Day

Next celebratedMonday, March 1, 2027

The date is one woman's moving day: on March 1, 1998, a school superintendent who had retired at 55 arrived alone in Key West and began again. Refired Not Retired Day asks retirees to treat the end of a career as a start.

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YEARLY DATEMarch 1
OBSERVED INUnited States
CATEGORYBusiness
SUBCATEGORYEntrepreneurship
ORIGIN

Individual Initiative

FOUNDING ENTITY
Phyllis May
FIRST OBSERVED
~2004
HOW THE HOLIDAY CAME TO BE

A private moving day that became a calendar entry.

Phyllis May, a school superintendent who retired at 55 and moved alone to Key West, Florida on March 1, 1998, is the person the day is tied to, and her own website called that date the recognized 'ReFIRED, not Retired' Day in Chase's Calendar of Events. The listing first appears in the 2005 edition of Chase's, a directory compiled for the year printed on its cover, which places the submission at about 2004; no source located says outright that she created it.

Read her own 2007 accountvia web.archive.org
INTRO

Seven words kept forced retirement legal until 1987

Until 1987, federal law let an American employer show a competent worker the door for the sole reason that they had turned seventy. Refired Not Retired Day is a small, unofficial March 1 observance that only makes full sense on the far side of that fact.

The law meant to stop age discrimination used to say so itself. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 protected people who were "at least forty years of age but less than sixty-five years of age", which is to say it stopped protecting them at exactly the age most employers wanted them gone.

Congress moved that ceiling to seventy in 1978, then removed it in 1986 by deleting seven words. Public Law 99-592 struck the phrase "but less than seventy years of age" from the statute, and the change took effect on January 1, 1987.

So for most American workers, staying on the job has been a choice rather than a favor only since the Reagan administration. The day is about what people do with that.

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This legislation ends mandatory retirement solely on the basis of age for most American workers and eliminates the upper age limit of 70 on all of the other protections of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act.
Ronald ReaganPresident of the United States, signing statement of November 1, 1986
ORIGINS

Refired Not Retired Day history

CHAPTER 01

The morning she decided to leave

Phyllis May had lived in the same community for twenty five years when everything came loose at once. Her twenty year marriage was over. Her daughter had gone to college, she had recently moved her mother into assisted living, and her sick dog had just been put down.

Then, by the account on her own website, she woke one morning with a revelation and said: "I don't have to live here anymore!"

She had retired at fifty five after thirty four years in education, the last stretch of it as a school superintendent, and she had done no planning for retirement whatsoever. On March 1, 1998 she drove to Key West, Florida, alone.

CHAPTER 02

How a moving day became a listing

Key West handed her work she would never have taken in her old life. She lists the jobs without ranking them: concierge, temp, bed and breakfast staff, and, by the time she wrote the page up, a clerk in a Caribbean gift shop called The Pelican Poop Shop. She also hosted her own local television show for a year and spent two years running seminars across the Eastern United States and Puerto Rico.

Somewhere in that stretch the date itself got written down. It turns up in Chase's Calendar of Events for 2005, and in no edition before it. Her books followed the listing rather than preceding it, with Keys to Paradise published in October 2005 and ReFired Not Retired the year after.

CHAPTER 03

Her own trail goes cold

The website that carried all of this ran a single unchanged homepage from May 2007 to December 2014. By January 2022 the domain served only a placeholder, and by August 2023 it had been taken over by an unrelated Chinese language business site.

Type the address today and a script fingerprints your browser and bounces you elsewhere. The day outlived her own account of it, which is why the only readable copy now sits in an archive.

TIMELINE

Timeline

Social Security picks 65

The Committee on Economic Security settled on 65 for what the Social Security Administration calls primarily pragmatic reasons: roughly half of the 30 state old-age pension systems then running used 65 and half used 70, and the Railroad Retirement System passed the year before had used 65.

A law with its own age ceiling

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act made it unlawful to discriminate by age, then wrote its own ceiling into Section 12: nobody aged sixty-five or over was covered.

The ceiling moves to seventy

Public Law 95-256, approved on April 6, rewrote the act's age section to cover people at least 40 years of age but less than 70, and kept a narrow exception for executives and high policymakers between 65 and 70.

The ceiling is struck out

H.R. 4154 was approved on October 31 and signed the next day. Its operative section is headed Removal of Maximum Age Limitation, and it works by striking seven words from the statute. The change took effect on January 1, 1987.

One superintendent's moving day

On March 1, Phyllis May arrived in Key West, Florida. She was 55, newly retired after 34 years in education, and by her own site's account she knew nobody in the town.

The date reaches Chase's

The observance appears in Chase's Calendar of Events for 2005, the earliest edition a full text search of the series returns. Editions running back to 1984 come back empty.

BY THE NUMBERS

Refired Not Retired Day by the Numbers

19.1%
Americans 65 and older in the labor force, 2025
20.2%
Peak share of Americans 65+ in the labor force, 2019
12.9%
Americans 65 and older in the labor force, 2000
3.2%
Retirees back in a job within a year, March 2022

MYTH VS FACT

Common Misconceptions

The myth

America copied the retirement age of 65 from Bismarck's Germany.

The truth

The Social Security Administration disposes of this one directly. Germany set its retirement age at 70 to begin with, and lowered it to 65 only in 1916, eighteen years after Bismarck's death. SSA's own account ends: with all due respect to Chancellor Bismarck, he had nothing to do with it.

The myth

In 1935 hardly anyone lived long enough to collect Social Security.

The truth

Life expectancy at birth was low because infant mortality was high, and a child who died never paid in. Take the cohort that turned 65 in 1940: 53.9 percent of the men who had reached 21 lived to see it, and those who did could expect 12.7 more years of benefits. There were already 7.8 million Americans aged 65 or older in 1935.

The myth

People come out of retirement because they miss the work.

The truth

Some do. Across three survey waves, AARP's Public Policy Institute found unretirees pulled back into the labor force largely by economic need, at 48 percent, against 18 percent citing boredom or a desire to stay active. The unretiree subsample is small, at 116 people, so read it as an indication rather than a measurement.

WHY THIS DAY MATTERS

Why We Love Refired Not Retired Day

Law

Most American workers, not all of them.

The 1986 amendments ended mandatory retirement for most American workers, which is not the same as all of them. State and local employers could still impose age limits on firefighters and law enforcement officers, and colleges could still push out tenured professors at seventy. Both carve-outs lapsed on December 31, 1993, by the terms of the act itself, so the unqualified rule most people picture only settled in at the start of 1994.

Reach

Nobody runs it, so marketing fills the gap

There is no organizer today and no successor to the website that once explained the day. The recurring piece of non-calendar writing about it is a single syndicated article, found on at least three unrelated financial advisory sites, with fourteen sentences identical across all three and a shared LPL Financial disclosure attached.

Odds

Older Americans expect the job hunt to be hard

AARP's Public Policy Institute surveyed 2,065 adults aged 50 and over in May and June of 2026. Sixty seven percent said it would be difficult to find work if they were job hunting, and thirty one percent said very difficult. Whatever a calendar says about reinvention, it is not evenly available.

GET INVOLVED

How to Celebrate Refired Not Retired Day

EDITOR'S PICK

Give the postponed thing a start date

The day works best as a deadline rather than a mood. Pick the project you keep describing in the conditional tense, the workshop, the chapter, the shop, and put March 1 next to it in writing.

ASK

Ask someone who went back what surprised them

Find a friend or neighbor who returned to work after retiring and ask what they got wrong before they did it. Ask about the dull parts too: the hours, the benefits, the energy it took.

WRITE

Write down the job you would take for free

It is a fast way to separate the work you miss from the income you miss. Keep the answer somewhere you will find it the next time someone asks what you plan to do with yourself.

READ

Read the seven words Congress struck out

The 1986 amendments run to a few pages, and the operative move is one deletion. It takes about five minutes and it is the clearest thing you will read on why anyone gets to keep working past seventy.

CHECK

Check the numbers before you repeat them

Round claims about how many older Americans are working circulate freely, so check one before you pass it on. Bureau of Labor Statistics figures give the real series, including the year it peaked.

Test your knowledge

How well do you know Refired Not Retired Day?

1 / 8

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 protected workers up to what age?

Answer

No. It is an unofficial observance: the Federal Register carries no document naming it, and no bill, resolution or proclamation surfaced on congress.gov, govinfo.gov or the White House site.

COLOPHON

Sources

How we know what’s on this page. References, not endorsements.

13sources
11primary records
8independently dated
Primary records
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission1986-10-31
Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments of 1986
The text of Public Law 99-592 as passed. Its section headed Removal of Maximum Age Limitation ends mandatory retirement for most workers by striking the phrase 'but less than seventy years of age' from the statute, and it sets out the temporary exemptions for firefighters, law enforcement officers and tenured professors.
View source
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission1967
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
The act as originally passed, including the age section limiting its protections to individuals at least forty years of age but less than sixty-five years of age.
View source
Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, National Archives1986-11-01
Statement on Signing the Age Discrimination in Employment Amendments of 1986
The President's own description of what the 1986 law did, and the note that H.R. 4154 was approved on October 31 and assigned Public Law number 99-592.
View source
U.S. Government Publishing Office1978-04-06
Public Law 95-256, Age Discrimination in Employment Act Amendments of 1978, 92 Stat. 189
The 1978 statute that rewrote the act's age section to cover individuals at least 40 years of age but less than 70, with a narrow exception for executives and high policymakers aged 65 to 70.
View source
Internet Archive, capture of refiredretired.com2007-07-17
About ReFired Retired
Phyllis May's own account of her retirement at 55 after 34 years in education, her move to Key West on March 1, 1998, the jobs and the local television show that followed, and the sentence naming that date as the recognized day in Chase's Calendar of Events. The live domain has since been parked and taken over, so the archived capture is the readable copy.
View source
HathiTrust Digital Library
Catalog record and full text index for Chase's calendar of events
The searchable run of Chase's editions from 1984 to 2007. The observance and Phyllis May's name each return the 2005, 2006 and 2007 volumes and no earlier one.
View source
U.S. Social Security Administration
Age 65 Retirement
SSA's account of why the Committee on Economic Security chose 65, and its refutation of the Bismarck story, including Germany's original age of 70 and the 1916 reduction to 65.
View source
U.S. Social Security Administration
Life Expectancy for Social Security
SSA's refutation of the claim that few Americans lived to collect, with survival rates from age 21 to 65, remaining life expectancy at 65 by decade, and the count of Americans already aged 65 or older in 1935.
View source
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics2026-05-28
Nearly one in five older Americans in the labor force in 2025
Labor force participation for people 65 and older at 19.1 percent in 2025, its 2019 peak of 20.2 percent and its 12.9 percent level in 2000, with the full series by sex and age band. The 2025 figure is an eleven month average that excludes October, when collection stopped during the federal government shutdown.
View source
AARP Public Policy Institute2025-10-14
Unretirement Numbers Remain Steady from 2025 to 2026
Three survey waves of adults aged 50 and over covering why retirees return to work, how hard they expect a job hunt to be, and the sample sizes behind each figure.
View source
Indeed Hiring Lab2022-04-14
Unretirements Continue to Rise as More Workers Return to Work
Nick Bunker's measurement of the unretirement rate by matching individual Current Population Survey records twelve months apart, giving 3.2 percent as of March 2022 alongside the pandemic dip to 2.1 percent.
View source
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