Holiday Calendar

National Deep Dish Pizza Day

Next celebratedMonday, April 5, 2027

Chicago builds its deep dish upside down, with the cheese underneath and the sauce on top, and National Deep Dish Pizza Day is the day for it. Order a whole one for the table and let it settle before you cut it.

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YEARLY DATEApril 5
OBSERVED INUnited States
CATEGORYFood
SUBCATEGORYPizza
ORIGIN

Community Origin

FOUNDING ENTITY
Not documented
FIRST OBSERVED
Not documented
HOW THE HOLIDAY CAME TO BE

Chicago's pizzerias and its mayor both mark it.

The day was circulating on holiday-listing calendars by January 2014, which is the earliest record of it located. No founder, sponsor or establishing document has been found, and HathiTrust's digitised run of Chase's Calendar of Events, covering editions from 1958 to 2007, carries nothing under the name.

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INTRO

Nearly everything a deep dish is famous for came later

The oldest printed record of a Chicago deep dish is a food column from October 1945, and the pizza in it is not the one National Deep Dish Pizza Day now celebrates. It tells the cook to grease pie pans or layer cake tins. The bake is fifteen minutes.

The cheese goes on at the end in those instructions, scattered over the filling alongside cooked sausage or chopped anchovies. The column signs off by saying that each guest usually eats a whole one, piping hot and without a knife or fork.

Both of those instructions have since been turned around. The cheese moved under the sauce, and the pizza got taller. People still argue about the result.

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ORIGINS

Deep Dish Pizza Day history

INTRODUCTION

In December 1942 a painter and restaurateur named Richard Riccardo was living with his wife and their newborn daughter in an apartment above an abandoned basement tavern at Wabash and Ohio. The room downstairs had been a pizzeria called the Pelican Tap. Riccardo bought it the following autumn.

His first Chicago liquor licence application records a one-year lease from November 1, 1943, and states that he has no partners. On or a few days before December 8 he opened The Pizzeria at 29 East Ohio Street, with pizza as the only dish on the menu. There were probably fewer than thirteen pizzerias in the whole city.

CHAPTER 01

Three men and one room

Uno Pizzeria and Grill, which that restaurant became, still tells customers it invented deep dish in downtown Chicago in 1943 and credits Ike Sewell, its later owner. Sewell was a Texas-born college football star who came to Chicago in 1934 to work for a liquor company. He became Riccardo's de facto partner in February 1944, after the doors had opened, and his wife signed the agreement.

The other name in circulation is Rudy Malnati Sr., who managed the pizzeria for years. The archival record makes him its third manager, starting in February 1951. The Chicago cultural historian Tim Samuelson and the researcher Peter Regas both credit Riccardo, and Regas says plainly that nobody has definitively identified the creator.

Sewell's own account put Riccardo at the centre of it. "It wasn't that I believed in deep dish pizza," he told a magazine in 1977. "It was that I believed in Ric Riccardo."

CHAPTER 02

The pizza kept getting taller

The 1945 recipe makes a nine-inch pizza from an 8.25-ounce ball of dough, enriched with scalded milk, sugar and melted butter. By 2024 the dough ball at Uno's weighed fourteen ounces. Most of that growth happened in the 1960s and early 1970s.

The change was not only about thickness. Raising the dough against the sides of the pan kept the sauce off the hot metal.

Riccardo died in 1954, and his cooks and his managers carried the method out to other kitchens across the city. The day itself came far later. It was circulating on holiday calendars by January 2014, and Chicago's pizzerias have kept it since.

TIMELINE

Timeline

Chicago's earliest known pizzeria

Chicago's earliest documented pizzeria opened, though Manhattan already had one by 1894.

A basement pizzeria on Ohio Street

Richard Riccardo opened The Pizzeria at 29 East Ohio Street, selling pizza and nothing else.

The recipe reaches print

Riccardo gave his dough and sauce to a syndicated food column that ran in more than thirty newspapers.

Malnati becomes the third manager

Rudy Malnati Sr., previously a bartender at Riccardo's other restaurant, became the pizzeria's third manager.

Pizzeria Due opens a block away

A second restaurant opened one block from the original, which was trading as Pizzeria Uno by then.

Jon Stewart calls it not pizza

The Daily Show host called deep dish tomato soup in a bread bowl, and a Chicago owner later brokered an on-air truce.

WHY THIS DAY MATTERS

Why We Love National Deep Dish Pizza Day

CITY

A pizzeria's fiftieth birthday put April 5 on a mayor's proclamation.

On April 5, 2024 Mayor Brandon Johnson declared the same day Giordano's Pizza Day, marking the fiftieth year of a pizzeria two brothers from Italy opened on the South Side. The city had done something like it before, declaring an Uno Day in 2003 for the dish's sixtieth birthday.

TRADE

The pizzerias observe it themselves

Uno Pizzeria and Grill built a page around the day in 2021 and called it our favorite holiday. Its buy-one-get-one offer that April ran across sixty-one restaurants in thirteen states and the District of Columbia.

BUSINESS

One basement room became an industry

Uno opened its first restaurant outside Chicago in Boston in 1979 and had a franchise unit in Washington, D.C. by 1980. Lou Malnati's, founded in 1971, is the largest of the deep dish chains and was reported at around eighty locations in 2024.

AT A GLANCE

How a Chicago deep dish is built

Layer order
Dough, then sliced mozzarella, then toppings, sauce last
Why the cheese is buried
It insulates the dough against a soggy crust
The dough
Yeasted, and fortified with either olive oil or butter
Usual topping
Italian sausage, among the most common in Chicago
Stuffed pizza
A second sheet of crust above the cheese, under the sauce
Pan pizza
Cheese left against the pan wall to caramelise
So I truly do feel that the thin-crust tavern-style is the true Chicago style.
Jon PorterRuns Chicago Pizza Tours
I think that the deep-dish pizza has been and always will be Chicago's pizza.
Marc MalnatiFourth-generation owner, Lou Malnati's

GET INVOLVED

How to Celebrate National Deep Dish Pizza Day

EDITOR'S PICK

Order one from a pan kitchen

Look for a pizzeria that bakes in a pan rather than on a stone, and order a whole pie instead of a slice. The two original restaurants, Pizzeria Uno and Pizzeria Due, sit a block apart in Chicago's River North.

BAKE

Bake the 1945 recipe at home

Peter Regas published the full 1945 formula in Chicago magazine, and it makes six nine-inch pizzas. He describes the result as thinner and lighter than the crust deep-dish pizzerias serve now.

LINE

Line up the three Chicago pan styles

Get a deep dish, a stuffed pizza and a pan pizza onto one table and cut all three. They are three different builds rather than three sets of toppings, and the difference is far easier to taste than to read about.

READ

Read the archive on who invented it

The Culinary Historians of Chicago set out the liquor licences, the partnership papers and the 1940s photographs behind the dispute. It is a short read, and it says what each of the three claims does and does not rest on.

TAKE

Take the argument to your own table

Chicagoans do not agree about whether deep dish is really the city's pizza. Put one beside a square-cut tavern thin crust, the style Chicago's bars served with beer, and let the room vote.

Test your knowledge

How well do you know National Deep Dish Pizza?

1 / 8

In what year did the Chicago pizzeria that first served deep dish open?

Answer

No. It is an unofficial food holiday and a normal working day, and the Federal Register carries no document under its name.

COLOPHON

Sources

How we know what’s on this page. References, not endorsements.

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7primary records
8independently dated
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